TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...

Payments ecosystems are often categorized as either closed-loop or open-loop systems, each with distinct advantages and limitations. Closed-loop systems, such as single-provider mobile wallets like ...

An open-loop cooling system, also called raw water cooling, draws water directly from the body of water the boat is floating in, whether it's saltwater or freshwater. That water is pulled through a ...

The best health plan is one that gets used. In this increasingly competitive world, where consumers have their pick of insurance providers through the Marketplace and the average Medicare Advantage ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...